Endosymbiotic Theory

The endo dependent theory explains the evolution of the eukaryotic cellular telephoneular telephonephone and eukaryotic organelles by ph agonecytocis of small procaryotic cells. This theory states that some of the organelles in todays eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic bacterium. In this theory, the first eukaryotic cell was probably an amoeba-like nucleated (probably DNA in a nucleoid piece non an actual nucleus) prokaryotic cell that got nutrients by phagocytosis (engulfing nutrients or other cells) Some of these unicellular amoeba-like organisms engulfed prokaryotic cells that somehow were non digested deep down the organism. In the process of being engulfed the smaller cells would devote been enwrapped in membrane from the larger cell, today we substantiate persona membranes in mitochondria and chloroplasts. The symbiotic relationship was beneficial because the forces cell would leave provided essential nutrients to the engulfed prokaryotic cell in exchange th e smaller prokaryotic cell used these nutrients to synthesize adenosine triphosphate molecules, this ATP was used as an energy root system by the forces cell. The smaller prokaryotic cell was stipulation a base hit environment as well as receiving nutrients from the larger forces cell. The small prokaryotic cell certain a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with the host cell. This smaller prokaryotic cell would in the end become mitochondria or chloroplasts. Mitochondria would have been form when bacteria capable of aerobic respiration were ingested by a much(prenominal) larger cell. Chloroplasts formed when photosynthetic bacteria were ingested. They eventually deep in thought(p) their cell wall and much of their DNA because they were not of gain within the host cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot grow outside their host cell in normal conditions because they now depend on the cell for protection and nutrients. The reason we do not foregather this typ esetters case of symbiotic relationship toda! y is because conditions are much antithetic now then they were on earth millions of long snip ago when this symbiotic event first took place. Scientists can manage for the endosymbiotic hypothesis because the characteristics of energy organelles are so similar to those of prokaryotes. cogency organelles have their own set of genetic information it is not found enclosed in a nucleus solo when a circular ring in a nucleoid estate just like prokaryotic DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes this would challenge that at one time energy organelles were able be self sufficient. Both organelles have a double membrane, a remnant of ancient endosymbiotic event. Also when a cell divides by mitosis the energy organelles replicate the corresponding way as do prokaryotic bacteria, by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the similar size as prokaryotic cells. The DNA of these energy organelles is divergent from the DNA found in the cells nu cleus. There is some foreshadow of bacterial DNA in these energy organelles that suggests that long ago they were once prokaryotic cells. Biology, Neil A. Campbell & Jane B. ReeceBenjamin e. e. cummings; 7th Edition, 2006Investigating Biology, Neil A Campbell & Jane B.ReeceBenjamin cummings; 6th Edition 2007 If you want to get a huge of the mark essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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